I'm still powering through my
Reading List for this year. I recently finished
Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability by Steve Krug (
Amazon Link). The second edition of this book (the one I read) was published in 2006 and is in its 13th printing, so it's been around a while. But it has stood up to the test of time.
Krug is a usability consultant -- his job is to set up user testing of web sites and report the findings. This book helps you do the bulk of this work yourself. As Krug would say, it isn't a replacement for a usability professional, but most of us won't spend the money on one. This book shows that you don't need to be a professional to get useful results out of user testing.
This is a purposefully short book (under 200 pages with lots of diagrams and pictures). So, I won't go into too many details. But I'll point out one or two things that I found particularly useful.
Usable Web Sites
Don't Make Me Think focuses on how to create usable web sites (note: web sites, not web applications). With that said, you can get a lot just from the chapter titles. Here are the first 7 chapters:
- Don't make me think! - Krug's First Law of Usability
- How we really use the Web - Scanning, satisficing, and mudding through
- Billboard Design 101 - Designing pages for scanning, not reading
- Animal, vegetable, or mineral? - Why users like mindless choices
- Omit
needless words - The art of not writing for the Web
- Street signs and Breadcrumbs
- The first step in recovery is admitting that the Home Page is beyond your control
This book is purposefully short and has plenty of real-world examples of web pages, how the companies have improved the pages over time, and how Krug would continue that improvement. This is not a "let's laugh at bad web pages" book; which is good. A lot of us know what not to do. Where we need help is in doing it right.
Krug's Laws of Usability
In addition to the chapter titles, we get Krug's Laws:
- Don't make me think!
- It doesn't matter how many times I have to click, as long as each click is a mindless, unambiguous choice.
- Get rid of half of the words on each page, then get rid of half of what's left.
These seem pretty basic. But I have to admit that this is not the way that I've approached web design (which I'll be the first to admit isn't the greatest).
Krug bases these laws on how people actually use the web. People don't stop to read every word on a page. They usually go to a site for a specific purpose (such as to find the address of a store location). They don't care about the "fluff". They don't really care about the welcome message. They are scanning the home page looking for a link that looks like it's "close enough."
If we keep this in mind, the laws make perfect sense. We want information on our web site to be clearly available and for links to be as obvious as possible.
Usability as Common Courtesy
Chapter 10 talks about the Reservoir of Good Will. This reservoir can be diminished when the user has trouble finding information, or it can be refilled by easily giving him just what he is looking for. If the reservoir is depleted, then the user simply abandons the site.
I never thought about usability in this fashion before. But I've noticed in the last week or so that this is exactly how I use web sites. For example, I was looking for the hours of the local e-waste drop off location (I knew where the location was, just not when they were open).
I did a couple of web searches but didn't find what I was looking for. Then I went to my municipality's web site and still had a bit of difficulty finding what I was looking for. I finally stumbled across the listing of the drop-off locations, but I didn't see any hours listed. I ended up loading up the car and heading over there only to see a "Closed Mondays" sign on the gate (and guess what day it was?). I went back to the site later and found the hours buried in a block of text (9 am - 3 pm Tuesday through Saturday).
Krug gives a list of things that can diminish the reservoir, including hiding information that I really want or asking for information that you don't really need (do you really need my phone number to sign me up for an email newsletter?).
Conversely, there are a number of things that help to refill the reservoir such as tell me what I want to know and save me steps wherever you can.
Wrap Up
I would recommend
Don't Make Me Think to anyone with a web site. It will make you stop and think about how people actually use your site. The examples focus on e-commerce sites (simply for consistency), but the principles apply to whatever web site you may have. Keep the user in mind, and don't make him think.
Happy Coding!
